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Dainichi Nyorai (Enjō-ji)
The at the Shingon temple of Enjō-ji in Nara is the earliest and best-substantiated work by Japanese master sculptor Unkei. An inscription on the pedestal records that he began work on the piece in 1175 and brought it to completion the following year. The sculpture has been designated a National Treasure.〔The statue was designated a National Treasure in 1920, under the 1897 Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law; with the 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the statue was redesignated an Important Cultural Property; the statue was again designated a National Treasure in 1993.〕 Unkei's next documented works, from the early 1180s, were commissioned by military leaders prominent in the ensuing Kamakura shogunate, for temples in eastern Japan. These works are physically more massive and powerful, as are his giant Niō at Tōdai-ji. By contrast, in this early work Unkei employed a more "gentle" or "tranquil" style.〔
==Subject==
Dainichi Nyorai (Sanskrit: Mahāvairocana) is the central deity of Esoteric Buddhism. As opposed to the "revealed teaching", understandable to the intellect of the common man, the "concealed teaching" (''mikkyō'') of Esoteric Buddhism offers Buddhahood and paradise on earth to the initiate, through ritual practice and the contemplation of sacred images.〔 According to Kūkai, the founder of the Shingon school of Esoteric Buddhism in the early ninth century, "because the secret storehouse (teaching ) is so profound and mysterious it is difficult to manifest with brush and ink (). Thus it is revealed to the unenlightened by adopting the form of images. The great variety of postures and ''mudrās'' are the effect of Buddha's great compassion. With a single glance (the images ) one becomes a Buddha."〔
Dainichi (''lit''. "Great Sun") is worshipped as the supreme, primordial sun Buddha and also appears as the central figure of the Five Wisdom Buddhas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dainichi )〕 Under the syncretic doctrine of ''honji suijaku'', the Shinto sun goddess Amaterasu was considered a manifestation of Dainichi Nyorai.〔 The term Nyorai (''lit.'' "thus-come one") is an epithet for the enlightened Buddhas that occupy the highest rank in the Japanese Buddhist pantheon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nyorai )〕 In the Mandala of the Two Realms, the principle mandala for ritual activity and contemplation in Shingon Buddhism, Dainichi Nyorai appears in the centre of both the Diamond Realm and the Womb Realm. In the former, as defined by the Dainichi Sutra, Dainichi represents the "metaphysical presence that embodies reason"; in the latter, as defined by the Diamond Peak Sutra, Dainichi represents the "epistemological presence that embodies wisdom".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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